The types of fgm in Malaysia and Indonesia are different than the ones in parts of Africa, and also in line with Islamic law.
FGM is prevalent in Malaysia.[159][160][161] It is widely considered as a female sunnah tradition (sunat perempuan), typically done by midwife (mak bidan). It is either a prick (Type IV) or cutting off a small piece of the highest part of clitoral hood and foreskin (Type I).[162] FGM Prevalence rates have been estimated between 62% to 90% in Muslim Malay communities.[159] Malaysian women claim religious obligation (82%) as the primary reason for female circumcision, with hygiene (41%) and cultural practice (32%) as other major motivators for FGM prevalence.[159][162] Malaysia is a multicultural society, FGM is prevalent in Muslim community, and not observed in its minority Buddhist and Hindu communities.[162][163] Malaysia has no laws in reference to FGM.[164] The Malaysian government sponsored 86th conference of Malaysia?s Fatwa Committee National Council of Islamic Religious Affairs held in April 2009 decided that female circumcision is part of Islamic teachings and it should be observed by Muslims, with the majority of the jurists in the Committee concluding that female circumcision is obligatory (wajib). However, the fatwa noted harmful circumcision methods are to be avoided.[165] In 2012, Malaysian government health ministry proposed guidelines to reclassify and allow female circumcision as a medical practice.[166]
FGM is prevalent in Indonesia.[167][168][169] [170]In certain communities of Indonesia, mass female circumcision (khitanan massal) ceremony are organized by local Islamic foundations around Prophet Muhammad?s birthday. Some FGM are Type IV done with a pen knife, others are Type I done with scissors. Two Indonesian nationwide studies in 2003 and 2010 found over 80% of Muslim girls are subjected to cutting, typically newborns through the age of 9. More than 90% of adults claimed they wanted the practice to continue.[168][171] Historical records suggest female circumcision in Indonesia started and became prevalent with the arrival of Islam in the 13th century as part of its drive to convert people to Islam. In islands of Indonesia, where partial populations converted to Islam in the 17th century, FGM has been prevalent in Muslim females only.[172][173] In 2006, FGM was banned by the government; however, FGM/C remained commonplace for women in Indonesia - the world?s largest Muslim nation.[174] In 2010, the Indonesian Health Ministry issued a decree outlining the proper procedure for FGM, which activists claim contradicted the 2006 ruling prohibiting clinics from performing any FGM.[175] In 2013, the Indonesian Ulema Council ruled that it favors FGM, stating that although it is not mandatory, it is still ?morally recommended?.[176] The Ulema has been pushing Indonesian government to circumcise girls, claiming it is part of Islamic teachings.[177] Some Indonesian officials, in March 2013, claimed cutting and pricking type circumcision is not FGM.[178]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevalence_of_female_genital_mutilation_by_country#South.2C_Southeast_and_Central_AsiaIn parts of Africa, as it is in Somalia, the most common is infibulation
Type III (infibulation) is the removal of the external genitalia and the fusion of the wound. The inner and/or outer labia are cut away, with or without removal of the clitoris
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation#Type_IIIhttp://2001-2009.state.gov/g/wi/rls/rep/crfgm/10109.htm While it Malaysia involves pricking or small cut on the skin.The degree between a nick/pricking or cutting on the top and actually removal of the clitoris inner-outer labia, is what distinguishes what is part of Islam and what isn't.
Topic: Female Circumcision (FGM) in Islam