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Theme Changer

 Topic: origin of Mecca / History of the Kaaba.

 (Read 17793 times)
  • Previous page 1 2« Previous thread | Next thread »
  • What book are you reading?
     Reply #30 - May 20, 2013, 06:44 PM

    “Meccan trade was thus a trade generated by Arab needs, not by the commercial appetites of the surrounding empires.” –Crone

    This sentence accurately summarizes what I believe to have been the nature of the Meccan trade. While the lack of archeological evidence leaves much to be desired, I find it much more likely that the Meccans played more the role of local distributers to the Arab tribes than major players in international commerce.
  • the origins of Mecca
     Reply #31 - May 20, 2013, 09:28 PM

    Should this thread be merged with this one:

    History of the Kaaba. Built by Adam? Abraham? What?


    I posted a lot of references to primary sources about Mecca there (see Reply 7), so for reference purposes it might be easier to merge them.
  • the origins of Mecca
     Reply #32 - May 20, 2013, 09:35 PM

    Take a look at these photos. This is the place that we are talking about. These are the people. If this was in the 40s and 50s, I don’t think we can imagine what the place was like in the year 600.


    Thanks for all those pics, those are a fascinating time capsule. Though it seems like old Thesiger predominantly chose young Bedouin boys with no shirts on as the subjects of his photos....

    I remember reading that review and thinking to myself that it really didn't accomplish much. You might be interested in Heck's article Arabia Without Spices: An Alternate Hypothesis: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3217750

    There's also a lengthy rebuttal allegedly written by a Saudi professor. It's much more satisfying than Serjeant's review and actually addresses specific claims in the book: http://www.mediafire.com/view/?fpd8n2wczbzddho


    Wow, you've really done a lot of research there Froclais. I will def. have a long look at those when I have a chance.
  • History of the Kaaba. Built by Adam? Abraham? What?
     Reply #33 - May 20, 2013, 09:39 PM

    topics merged

    "we can smell traitors and country haters"


    God is Love.
    Love is Blind. Stevie Wonder is blind. Therefore, Stevie Wonder is God.

  • origin of Mecca / History of the Kaaba.
     Reply #34 - May 20, 2013, 09:54 PM


    Thanks for all those pics, those are a fascinating time capsule. Though it seems like old Thesiger predominantly chose young Bedouin boys with no shirts on as the subjects of his photos....


    Yeah. I noticed that too. He also never married. When you read his descriptions of the young boys in his writings, he goes into quite some poetic detail. In contrast, the few times that he describes females, it is very technical. Conclude what you will.

    Quote
    b) the Islamic historians have exaggerated it's importance and it was really a very small town that had only been settled 2 or 3 centuries prior to Muhammad…


    That is precisely what I believe happened, personally.
  • origin of Mecca / History of the Kaaba.
     Reply #35 - May 20, 2013, 10:40 PM

    Speculation, but do you think it was as much a centre of pagan worship as the narrative says or was there elaboration? Also how thriving exactly was it at the time of Mo?

    "we can smell traitors and country haters"


    God is Love.
    Love is Blind. Stevie Wonder is blind. Therefore, Stevie Wonder is God.

  • origin of Mecca / History of the Kaaba.
     Reply #36 - May 20, 2013, 11:09 PM

    There is no way to really tell IMO. The idea of the "haram," or war free zone, seems like it could have been a productive concept in the war-prone society of ancient Arabia. There are indications that there were many such "haram" areas set up around the peninsula, including one set up in Yamama by Musaylima. This could have provided an opportunity for safe trade and superstitious observances.

    The pre-Islamic pilgrimage rites are certainly shrouded in a lot of mystery, but two main functions of it seem to have been blessing the herds of animals through blood sacrifice to local deities and providing the tribes an opportunity to trade.

    I personally think of 7th century Mecca more of like a flee market with permanent residents than a booming trade city. The incentive to come would be to bless your animals, barter some goods, and dance around naked in a relatively safe environment.
  • origin of Mecca / History of the Kaaba.
     Reply #37 - May 20, 2013, 11:17 PM

    I'm fascinated by the goddesses. allat, manat and ul-uzza were generic Arab goddesses, I presume. I wonder if Mecca was the central hub of their worship, or if that was elaborated to create a narrative to symbolise the general purging of polytheism in Arabia.

    "we can smell traitors and country haters"


    God is Love.
    Love is Blind. Stevie Wonder is blind. Therefore, Stevie Wonder is God.

  • origin of Mecca / History of the Kaaba.
     Reply #38 - May 20, 2013, 11:35 PM

    Yeah, it is a pretty intriguing subject. I really do wish there was more to go by in terms of evidence. Those three goddesses were certainly revered since times of antiquity, as well as other gods like hubal.

    While Mecca may have been home to certain images of those gods , even Islamic sources indicate that temples dedicated to those gods were not solely located in Makkah.
     
    The Wikipedia articles on the ancient Arabian gods give some good sources to research. I think spirituality in ancient Arabia was more diverse and a lot wierder than even we think.
  • origin of Mecca / History of the Kaaba.
     Reply #39 - May 20, 2013, 11:40 PM

    They offered at least a pluralist vision. different ways of worship and seeing the world, different ways of being. The austere monotheism is so greedy and tyrannical. I wonder, in broad brush  strokes if true pluralism is possible at all with a strict monotheism the defining notion of a society.

    "we can smell traitors and country haters"


    God is Love.
    Love is Blind. Stevie Wonder is blind. Therefore, Stevie Wonder is God.

  • origin of Mecca / History of the Kaaba.
     Reply #40 - May 21, 2013, 06:01 PM

    There's also a lengthy rebuttal allegedly written by a Saudi professor. It's much more satisfying than Serjeant's review and actually addresses specific claims in the book: http://www.mediafire.com/view/?fpd8n2wczbzddho


    I had a quick look at this. I find it difficult to take this guy seriously when he says stuff like "it is an indisputable fact that the Battle of Badr occurred during Ramadan because it says so in the Quran" (paraphrasing). But nevertheless I have tried to ignore his religious "logic" and just deal with the evidence he presents, I have only looked at the part that he calls "Makkah: Name and Geographical Location" so far as this is the part of Crone's book that I am most interested in.

    It seems as this Al-Roubi guy did not read Crone's book in detail, or he did not understand it, or he is purposefully ignoring what it says in the hopes that his readers have not read Crone's book. Because his arguments were all actually brought up by Crone herself in a far more detailed way and then analyzed and dismissed.

    Al-Roubi says:

    Quote
    Crone laboriously tried to overlook the reference made to Makkah by three Greek and Roman writers,  namely:  Pliny  the  Elder  who  wrote  in  the  first century; Ptolemy, the Alexandrian geographer who wrote in  the  period  of  121-150  A.D.;  and  the  historian Ammianus  Marcellinus  from  the  fourth  century  A.D.


    In actuality Crone dealt with all three of these so-called references in detail, along with many others.

    Pliny never mentions Mecca at all, al-Roubi is either confused or being deliberately misleading. What Pliny mentions a land he calls "Dubanegoris regio" or "Kingdom of the Dubanegi", some Western historians have suggested that this may be a reference to the Quraysh, Muhammad's tribe because it is perhaps a Latinization of a possible Arabic "Dhu Bani Quraysh" (land of the sons of Quraysh" which could be transliterated into Latin as "Du Bane Gi", not sure why "Gi" should refer to Quraysh though.

    Ptolemy does mention a town called Macoraba and does indeed put it at the same latitude as the modern Mecca and a couple of degrees east of Medina, which seems to be quite an accurate location, in fact it is suspiciously too accurate. If Macoraba is indeed the old Mecca then Ptolemy could only have been able to guess it's coordinates (there were no compasses in antiquity so no way to get a very accurate bearing), so he must have simply been lucky in guessing the latitude correctly. Crone gives a lengthy explanation as to why she does not think that Macoraba is Mecca, but I must say that i am not wholly convinced by Crone here. In my opinion Macoraba may well be Mecca. But it is important to remember that Ptolemy only mentions it once without saying anything about it. Ptolemy's work is mostly just a long list of names of places with their coordinates, for Arabia he lists about 50 place names and their coordinates and only a handful of those are places that we know about today (Egra=Medina en-Salah, Lathrippa=Medina, Nagara = Najran) but the vast majority of these places are a total mystery, so 1 mention of a name that is a little similar to Mecca at about the right location among a list of about 50 place names which are very obscure is not much too go on.

    Here is a screenshot of the relevant page from Ptolemy that someone posted on a liberal Muslim forum called "Free-Minds.org" (Click on it to see the discussion that took place over there:



    Ammianus  Marcellinus, according to al-Roubi Marcellinus refers to Mecca under the name "Herapolis" which in Greek means "Holy City" and this must mean Mecca/ Macoraba. He goes on to explain that Marcellinus lists the same seven cities as Ptolemy in the same order except that he replaces Macoraba with Herapolis.(pg.22-24) This might be convincing if it was true but in fact it is totally incorrect and goes to show that he has not looked at the primary sources himself but rather misunderstood the secondary sources. Let's look at the cities that Marcellinus actually mentions:

    Quote
    The chief cities are Geapolis, Nascon, Baraba, Nagara, Mephra, Taphra, and Dioscurias.

    Line 47, Book 23

    Now compare that list to Ptolemy's list above. Neither Herapolis nor Macoraba are mentioned there and I do not see the same list of cities at all, the only names are see from both lists are Nagara and Geapolis. Now Crone actually explains better than Al-Roubi why secondary authors have claimed that list includes Mecca, they say that because there is a city called Geapolis in Turkey that is also known as Herapolis, that must mean that Geapolis was also known as "Herapolis" as well (the Holy City) and therefore Geapolis refers to Macoraba. However as Crone correctly points out, Geapolis is already on Ptolemy's list of cities "Gea Town" at 71:15 / 27:20 (Polis means Town in Greek).

    So in conclusion al-Roubi's claim that Mecca is mentioned by three Classical authors is just plain wrong, at best there is simply one reference too it by Ptolemy under the name "Macoraba" of which Ptolemy says nothing more than it's location and which may or may not refer to the Mecca of Islamic history.
  • origin of Mecca / History of the Kaaba.
     Reply #41 - May 21, 2013, 09:54 PM

    Is it likely that Islam did not start in modern day Mecca? Why or why not?
  • origin of Mecca / History of the Kaaba.
     Reply #42 - May 21, 2013, 11:03 PM

    That is what Tom Holland believes, he thinks it more likely to be near modern day Israel and Jordan than in Mecca as I remember. I think he says this cause Mecca is only mentioned one time in the Koran apparently and the areas and things described in it are of an area with Olive groves. Olives just do not grow in Arabia in any large amounts therefore is more likely to be in the more Mediterranean climatologically region in and around Israel and Jordan.
  • origin of Mecca / History of the Kaaba.
     Reply #43 - May 21, 2013, 11:40 PM

    I’ve read his arguments. I’m not convinced by them honestly. There is far too much assumption in his conclusions.
  • origin of Mecca / History of the Kaaba.
     Reply #44 - May 21, 2013, 11:56 PM

    Thats fair, but from the sounds of things I am not convinced that his opinion is any more daft than the accepted version of Mecca being the source of origin for Islam. It needs more work, but honestly do not think that Islam as it is today solely at least comes from the Meccan region of Arabia. It just sounds too clear cut of a origin story from all the way back then.
  • origin of Mecca / History of the Kaaba.
     Reply #45 - May 22, 2013, 12:41 AM

    We had a similar discussion about Muhammad and Mecca here:

    http://www.councilofexmuslims.com/index.php?topic=22697.msg652643#msg652643
  • origin of Mecca / History of the Kaaba.
     Reply #46 - May 22, 2013, 04:47 AM

    So in conclusion al-Roubi's claim that Mecca is mentioned by three Classical authors is just plain wrong, at best there is simply one reference too it by Ptolemy under the name "Macoraba" of which Ptolemy says nothing more than it's location and which may or may not refer to the Mecca of Islamic history.


    I logged in actually to let you know that matching Roubi's lists with what I could find in the literature had proven exceedingly frustrating because well... things didn't match. but since history is not my specialty I thought I might just be missing something.

    Here's the part that I am good at that had me somewhat dismissive of the review: I could not find an Amaal Muhammad Al-Roubi in ANY academic context. No Google Scholar, no JSTOR, no regular Google search Try doing a lit search yourself. The only place the name shows up is in this "rebuttal" or people citing it.

    I haven't actually read any of Crone's books yet. I'm still on Shoemaker's. Would you recommend her?

    FreeThought Wiki is looking for translators!

    Current projects: Faraj Foda's "al-Haqiqa al Ghaib" (Arabic) and Turan Dursun's "Din Bu I" (Turkish)
  • origin of Mecca / History of the Kaaba.
     Reply #47 - May 22, 2013, 08:49 AM

    .........................................
     I could not find an Amaal Muhammad Al-Roubi in ANY academic context . No Google Scholar, no JSTOR, no regular Google search Try doing a lit search yourself. .............

    I haven't actually read any of Crone's books yet. I'm still on Shoemaker's. Would you recommend her?

    That is because  she is NOT an academic, neither a scholar in any field.  She is just a well educated Muslim and  teaches female students at the Department of History, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah.  So her views will be skewed according to the will of allah,  I mean King Abdullah.   Amaal Muhammad Al-Roubi will pay heavy price if she does any critical analysis of early Islamic history.

    Off course every one must have freedom to criticize any book freely. Anyways , those who would like to read Patricia crone on this subject  All her books  are available online as pdf files.

     
    Quote
    Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam  by Patricia Crone
     
    The Epistle of Salim Ibn Dhakwan  by Patricia Crone and  Fritz Zimmermann
     
    Slaves on Horses: The Evolution of the Islamic Polity  by Patricia Crone
     
    Roman, Provincial and Islamic Law: The Origins of the Islamic Patronate by Patricia Crone
     
    Hagarism: The Making of the Islamic World  by Patricia Crone and  Michael Cook
      
    God's Caliph: Religious Authority in the First Centuries of Islam by Patricia Crone and Martin Hinds
     
    God's Rule - Government and Islam: Six Centuries of Medieval Islamic Political Thought by Patricia Crone


    If you  can not  them on web, let me know... I do  have them as pdf files on some hard disk...
     
     

    Do not let silence become your legacy.. Question everything   
    I renounced my faith to become a kafir, 
    the beloved betrayed me and turned in to  a Muslim
     
  • origin of Mecca / History of the Kaaba.
     Reply #48 - May 22, 2013, 12:46 PM

    ................Amaal Muhammad Al-Roubi ................

    For those who are interested in early Islamic history, It is good to read carefully what  Amaal Muhammad Al-Roubi writes in her little booklet  " A Response to Patricia  Crone's Book
    (Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam)"
    .. Let us smell a bit of her introduction  here..

    part-1
    Quote
    In the Name of Allah the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
     
    Patricia Crone's book  Meccan Trade and the Rise of  Islam , Oxford, 1987 grabbed my attention, because it tackled an era connected with "The History of the Arabs before Islam", a course I am teaching to female students at the Department of History, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah.

    It is noteworthy that when I started reading through this book, I was really shocked by what I read between the lines and even overtly. What shocked me is that somethings were clear, but others were grossly incorrect and hidden behind a mask of fake historical research, the purposes of which are obvious for every professional researcher. Therefore, as a scholar in the field, it was necessary for me to respond to this book so that readers will not be deceived and misguided by the great errors introduced to them under the guise of historical research or scholarship.

    "Crone is an orientalist who raised some what clever questions, but her answers were misleading. Most of the time, she deliberately used documented and logical coordination in order to prove the opposite of what has already been proven to be correct.  It is a well-known fact that the easiest way to pass an illogical issue and to make readers swallow it is to begin by an assumption which looks logical and persuasive, but is in fact essentially void. Then from this false assumption, you jump to a set of conclusions in order to make your case logical and acceptable."

     Deception here lies in the speed at which false assumptions are passed on skillfully and quickly so that the reader will not pay attention to the issue of their validity. Thus, the reader will be easily persuaded to accept the findings. This technique is followed in historical studies by some non-objective researchers. They insisted on a certain idea, and to prove this idea they look for evidence within a context which seems to be persuasive,but in fact lacks validity.Crone has changed and substituted some of the words mentioned in historical texts. She introduced other detached texts, and intentionally ignored the sources which contradict her opinions; otherwise, her idea would collapse. Also, she stated conclusions without mentioning the references she depended upon. Furthermore, she accused certain orientalists who disagreed with her of trusting Islamic sources despite all their defects.This persistent endeavor on her part aimed at misgiving "Surat Quraysh" and "The Battle of Badr".
     
    The later, according to the Holy Qur'an and other Islamic sources, took place in the month of Ramadan. She also changed actual historical locations; Mecca was changed from its well known geographical and historical location. She put the Ka'ba in the North of the Arabian Peninsula. Moreover, she claimed that Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him (pbuh),  appeared in "Balqa", in the farthest North of the Arabian Peninsula, despite her emphasis that the events related to the Prophet were predestined to take place in the South.

     I examined her many fallacies as an attempt to list the most important issues for the purpose of deliberately deceiving and misleading others. In this study, I discussed all these issues stating the main themes as follows:

    First, is Crone's rejection of historical and geographical facts claiming that the Holy City of Makkah is not situated on its original historical location. She moved the location of Makkah on the map there by rejecting all indications made by Greek and Roman authors to Makkah in the old ages.

    Second, is Crone's denial of the Pilgrimage to Makkah (the Ka'ba) before Islam. She claimed that they went to three marketplaces near to Makkah: Ukaz, Dhul-Majaz, and Majanna. She did not explain hermitage before and in Islam, and in both cases she neglected circamumbation and Talbiay (the pronouncement made by Pilgrims to Allah during Hajj). In most cases, she fabricated superficial logical coordination in order to prove the opposite of what has already been proven. She did not pay enough attention to the diverse sources which contradict and completely undermine her opinion, exploiting the lack of awareness of most European readers regarding the rituals of the Pilgrimage.

    Third, Crone refuses to recognize the role of Qurayshin the international trade of the Orient. She insists on marginalizing and limiting Quraysh’s role to local areas. Often, she was about to recognize Quraysh’s international trade, but intentionally refrained from doing so by using vague sentences and without giving any explanation. Moreover, she completely rejected the explanations of  scholars on Surat Quraysh, on which the internationality of Quraysh’s trade before Islam was very clear.

    Fourth, Crone mistrusted the mission of the Last Prophet, Muhammad (pbuh) by claiming that his mission appeared in the North of the Arabian Peninsula and not in the Holy City of Makkah. She did this in order to undermine one of the most important bases of the Islamic mission which started from Makkah. She claimed that Quraysh resided in the North of Hejaz, not in Makkah, though it is an undisputable and well-known fact that Quraysh lived in Makkah.

    Fifth, there is great confusion in the history of the great Battle of Badr. She put aside the first Battle of Badr,substituted it with the second Battle of Badr which is known as the “Nakhla Raid” and placed it instead of “The Great Battle of Badr” (the third battle). She did this in order to match her work with the history which was written in Arabic on a papyrus. Papyrus was discovered in Palestine in 1956 and most of its letters were missing. This ploy was not a slip; it was a deliberate attempt to raise suspicions about the authenticity of the Holy Qur'an. Despite her confession that the Holy Qur'an did not undergo any changes, her discussions showed the opposite.

    Sixth, Crone misinterpreted the causes of success achieved by Islam in Madinah. She skillfully manipulated the spiritual problem (issues related to religion and doctrine) in Arab countries before Islam. She claimed that Quraysh did not play an important role in the service of the Ka'ba before Islam; that Makkah was not conquered peacefully; and the success of the Islamic State was  associated with invasion and Arab nationalism. Such ideas did not exist in the seventh century A.D. when Islam appeared.

    Seventh, she committed mistakes when she referred to some Qur'anic verses, although it is obvious that she is highly proficient in Arabic and made no mistake in translating Arabic texts. Later, I will show readers how she made mistakes when she referred to many verses of the Holy Qur'an. This means that this skilful historian had certain objectives and ulterior motives in her mind.Moreover, she used irony and sarcasm as a means to persuade readers; she used unacceptable words in her description of the Arabs. She trespassed all limits when she criticized Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). By using this style, she disclosed her hidden agenda which affected her work and, as a result, destroyed what could have otherwise been a respectable historical analysis...............  




    Do not let silence become your legacy.. Question everything   
    I renounced my faith to become a kafir, 
    the beloved betrayed me and turned in to  a Muslim
     
  • origin of Mecca / History of the Kaaba.
     Reply #49 - May 22, 2013, 12:47 PM

    ................Amaal Muhammad Al-Roubi ................

    from at  Amaal Muhammad Al-Roubi  book. Part-2
    Quote
    .................. I will respond in details to what Crone has introduced in all these themes one by one. Furthermore,the kind of sources she depended on is well documented and attached at the end of this study.

    There are several reasons for responding to Crone's book.

    First, I wanted to address non-Arabs and non-Muslims who have limited knowledge or harbour misunderstanding about Islam and the Last Prophet(pbuh). I am not addressing Muslims because they are familiar with these topics and have no doubt about them. In addition, I want to refute the arguments of the enemies of Islam who are happy with the blatant lies which were presented to them under the guise of scientific research,and who used the Internet as a forum in order to praise this work which was compatible with their vile intentions.

    Quote
    It should be noted that after I published my replies to Crone's writings, she removed all her personal data from the Internet, with the exception of her e-mail. It seems tome that she did not expect the translation of her book,which I did with her permission, to be accompanied by a deliberate scientific study, and detailed accurate comments not only on every idea but on every single word she misrepresented.


    Second, in addition to educated readers, Crone's book is a major reference for students who study the history of the Arabs before Islam in faculties of letters or other colleges at American and European universities.Therefore, I was over- cautious in responding to her in English in order to unveil the mistakes she committed for the purpose of discrediting Islam under the guise of Makkan trade.

    Third, Muslim readers were shocked by the way the author counterfeited the facts for the purpose of reaching false and fabricated conclusions. Motivated by their enthusiasm to defend Islam, those readers responded to her but without documenting their sources. This led me to tackle this issue systematically using approved techniques supported by corroborated evidence in accordance with the methodology of scientific studies, aiming at unveiling the suspect intentions and ulterior motivations of this orientalist for all Arabic and English readers to see

     Fourth, forewarning Arab readers, who are likely to be impressed or trapped by this kind of Western thought,against unsuspectingly and unconsciously reiterating what is presented to them. This doesn't mean that we should no tread Western historians and scholars and not to learn from diverse schools of history. On the contrary, this is an inevitable issue, on condition that we read with a critical mind and be able to judge historical facts in a deep,accurate and reliable way.

    In today’s world, some unfair scholars aim at effacing Islamic identity under the umbrella of globalization and dissolving Arabs and Muslims within the framework of the sweeping materialistic civilization, in addition to brain-drain and superficial modernization. Hence, we have to keep our eyes wide-open; we have to make active use of our minds and intellect in order to identify the plots of those who attempt to abuse and rewrite our history. Also, wes hould not be misled by the great names of historians,organizations,or universities. Our responsibility as historians is to preserve our history and to refine it. Our language, our history and particularly our religion Islam, form the most important pillars of our identity. Moreover, dangers and misfortunes threaten us from all directions by the forces that be.May Allah help us!
    In addition to what has been mentioned above,Crone indulged in many linguistic and methodological mistakes as follows:

    Although Crone is fluent in Arabic, she transliterates Arabic words into Latin letters intermittently. As a result,some letters from one word overlap with other letters from another word. This led to a change in the structure of the word

    The confusion between the letters (b and h) led to a great change in the structure and meaning, especially for non- Arabic speakers.  Islamic sources were devalued and referred to as secondary and tertiary literature, in spite of the fact that those sources constitute the primary major historical sources and the data base for fruitful research. Crone showed great interest and enjoyment when she found a contradiction between some accounts. She criticized the sources, but she refrained from going the next step. In historical research, contradiction between the accounts or texts does not mean that all accounts are untrue and unreliable. In the next logical but necessary step, the researcher is obligated to analyze all accounts and texts in order to be able to judge whether certain texts are acceptable, their's are rejected, some are improbable,certain texts are preferable, and others are valid and reliable.

    If there is a contradiction between two accounts, is this an evidence against them? If this is the case, then a historian would be able to cancel the most important dates. At the same time, a historian would commit a mistake if he/she completely trusted the sources without scrutinizing them. Crone intentionally committed mistakes when she refused to accept contradicting texts without analyzing them. In doing so, she can later on easily pass any judgment that suits her motivations in accepting or rejecting any opinion or text. She showed perseverance in  examining the texts, but she consciously chose to distrust Islamic sources when they are in fact the primary sources to rely on.

    Fifth, we have to focus our attention on the necessity of reading all that has been written about Islam by non-Muslims, and we have to scrutinize and refine these writings. Allah has preserved Islam; in one way or another He will guide someone to expose the plots against Islam. Muslims are not in a state of unawareness, as some tend to think, and they will never continue to receive strikes without forcefully retaliating in defense of their sacred religion which is the most precious thing they have.

    Sixth, I would like to express my thanks to all those who helped in the translation and publication of this work. May Allah bless all who serve the interest of Islam and Muslims. All Praise be to Allah, Lord of Worlds.   Amaal Muhammad Al-RoubiKing Abdul-Aziz University


    well those highlighted words gives us an idea of how  Amaal Muhammad is  approaching  to criticize Patrica Crone's work . 

    Do not let silence become your legacy.. Question everything   
    I renounced my faith to become a kafir, 
    the beloved betrayed me and turned in to  a Muslim
     
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