I'm revising time atm. Omg, how many more rules is there for it?!?!?!? And how come when you say "25 to" it is khamsa ahsreen?!?! Why isn't it khamsa ashroon? :S
Khamsa wa 'Ishreen is colloquial - Khamsa wa 'Ishroon in the classical/literary form.
Colloquial generally dispenses with the nomnative/marfoo' case.
Still don't get marfoo' lol. And I guess I better stick to the classical form.
Either way I've done it already! Went well. I was appalled with exam condition standards though. I swear, it annoys me how passive Western society is sometimes
Arabic has three grammatical cases (حالات ḥālāt) roughly corresponding to: nominative, genitive and accusative. Normally, singular nouns take the ending -u(n) in the nominative, -i(n) in the genitive and -a(n) in the accusative. Some exceptional nouns, known as diptotes (الممنوع من الصرف al-mamnūʻu mina 'ṣ-ṣarf), never take the final n, and have the suffix -a in the genitive except when the diptotic noun is in the definite state (preceded by al- or is in the construct state). However, case is not shown in standard orthography, with the exception of indefinite accusative nouns ending in any letter but ة tāʾ marbūṭa or ء hamza, where the -a(n) "sits" upon an alif added to the end of the word (the alif still shows up in unvowelled texts). When speaking or reading aloud, articulating the case ending is optional, but rarely used except in religious situations. Technically, every noun has such an ending, although at the end of a sentence, no inflection is pronounced, even in formal speech, because of the rules of 'pause' (الوقف al-waqf). Case is not shown in standard orthography, with the exception of indefinite accusative nouns ending in any letter but ta marbuta or hamza, where the -a(n) "sits" upon an alif added to the end of the word (the alif still shows up in unvowelled texts). Cases, however, are marked in the Koran, children's books, primers and to remove ambiguous situations. If marked, it is shown at the end of the noun.
Nominative case المرفوع al-marfūʿ * Subjects of a verbal sentence.
* Subjects and predicates of an equational (non-verbal) sentence, with some notable exceptions.
* Certain adverbs retain the nominative marker.
* The citation form of words is (if noted at all) in the nominative case.
For singular nouns and broken plurals, it is marked as a ḍammah (-u) for the definite or ḍammah + nunation (-un) for the indefinite. The dual and regular masculine plural are formed by adding -āni and -ūna respectively (-ā and -ū in the construct state). The regular feminine plural is formed by adding -ātu in the definite and -ātun in the indefinite.
Accusative case المنصوب al-manṣūb * The subject of an equational (non-verbal) sentence, if it is initiated with 'inna, or one of her sisters.
* The predicate of kāna/yakūnu "be" and its sisters. Hence, البنت جميلة al-bintu jamīlatun "the girl is beautiful" but البنت كانت جميلة al-bintu kānat jamīla(tan) "the girl was beautiful" (spelling جميلة is not affected here (letter ة) in the unvocalised Arabic). The ending in brackets may not be pronounced in pausa or in informal Arabic.
* Both the subject and the predicate of ẓanna and its sisters in an equational clause.
* The object of a transitive verb
* Most adverbs.
* Internal object/cognate accusative structure
* The accusative of specification/purpose/circumstantial.
For singular nouns and broken plurals, it is marked as a fatḥah (-a) for the definite or fatḥah + nunation (-an) for the indefinite. For the indefinite accusative, the fatḥah + nunation is added to an alif e.g. ـًا, which is added to the ending of all nouns (e.g. كان تعباناً kāna taʿbānan "he was tired") not ending with a hamza or ta marbuta. The dual and regular masculine plural are formed by adding -ayn(i) and -īn(a) (both spelled ـين in Arabic) respectively (-ay and -ī in the construct state, both spelled ـي in Arabic). The regular feminine plural is formed by adding -āt(i) in the definite and -āt(in) in the indefinite, both spelled ـات in Arabic.
Genitive case المجرور al-majrūr * Objects of prepositions.
* All, but not necessarily the first member (the first nomen regens), of an iḍāfa (genitive construction) .
* The object of a locative adverb.
* Semi-prepositions if preceded by another (true or semi) preposition
* Objects of كم kam "how much/many" and أي 'ayy "any".
* Elative (comparative/superlative) adjectives behave similarly: أطول ولد "ʼaṭwalu waladin" "the tallest boy".
For singular nouns and broken plurals, it is marked as a kasrah (-i) for the definite or kasrah + nunation (-in) for the indefinite. The dual and regular masculine plural are formed by adding -ayn(i) and -īn(a) respectively (both spelled ـين in Arabic) (-ay and -ī in the construct state, both spelled ـي in Arabic). The regular feminine plural is formed by adding -āt(i) in the definite and -āt(in) in the indefinite, both spelled ـات in Arabic.
Note: diptotic nouns receive a fatḥah (-a) in the genitive, indefinite and are never nunated.
Note: there is no dative case; instead, the preposition لـ "li-" is used.
Topic: New member, just making myself known...