I also see a lot of what I would call conspiracy thinking (The Jews caused 9/11 etc)
I would wager most muslims believe this. Indonesian muslims never think that muslims caused 9/11. Since the incident they've been blaming anyone and everyone else for it. Honestly I don't think I've come across muslims who think that 9/11 was caused by muslims. Except for non practicing muslims..
Holocaust denial, etc this is all very common in muslim world.
A slow creep towards something different.
To be honest, even if it's going to change into something different, The world will NEVER go back into the caliphate age that muslims dream of. It will never happen, period. It just doesn't work like that now.
To cure your anxiety, go here:
https://www.facebook.com/groups/872095636170933/?multi_permalinks=912789245434905¬if_t=group_highlights"This group is for Reform-minded Muslims, Friends & Supporters to discuss ways to reform Islam."
There are many muslims (growing minority of educated people) who choose to reform Islam. They are working from within. So don't worry TOO MUCH about that, since there are many, many people now who openly discuss, challenge, and try to reform Islam. Some of them creating Quranist sect, progressive sect, etc. Even MUSLIMS are uncomfortable with traditional Islam. You are not alone in this.