Let's review together what Sean claims :
2a/ No. 1 – the Khūzistān Chronicle (ca. 660 CE), written in Syriac.
The chronicler mentions “Dome of Abraham (ܩܘܒܬܗ ܕܐܒܪܗܡ|qwbth d-ʾbrhm)”and notes the Arabs claim that Abraham “built that place for the worship (ܣܓܕܬܐ|sgdtʾ) of God and for the offering of sacrifices.”
The Khūzistān Chronicle states of a "Dome". If Hoyland is right then why "qwbth" is always translated as "Dome" by Brock (a specialist in Syriac ) and not Kaba ? Kaba could be derived from CUBOS given that the building is a CUBOS, and not a "Dome". More, Kaba can be derived from the very same Persian word whose qwbth can be derived as well. None place is indicated, it could be on Venus.
Nothing here can be seen as the Kaba of Mecca in the "Hijaz" but be seen as the Kaba in the Quran. 1-0
3a/ No. 2 - Anastasius of Sinai, Edifying Tales (ca. 660-90 CE), writing in Greek Perhaps one of our richest and most neglected non-Muslim sources for the religious and cultural history of the Near East, Anastasius records a curious tale of a Christian captive taken to “the place where those who hold us in slavery have the stone and the object of their worship.” The captive recounts how “they sacrificed there innumerable myriads of sheep and camels” & claims a she-demon emerge from the earth and consume the remains of sacrifices....
Christians can go to "Mecca" in the "Hijaz"? Or rather it is not a place of sacrifice (again, as the Quran recounts) where some rites (as described in the Quran) take place ? No mention of Abraham, a specific name ("Mecca" Kaba, Cubos, "Hijaz", Zem Zem, Safaat/Marwat, etc). 2-0
4/ No. 3 – Jacob of Edessa’s Fourth Letter to John the Stylite (between 684-88 CE), in Syriac. Jacob’s letter states unambiguously that “the Muslims (ܡܗܓܪ̈ܝܐ|mhgryʾ<muhājirūn|مهاجرون|lit., ‘Emigrants’)” prayer “towards the Kaʿbah (ܟܥܒܬܐ|kʿbtʾ).”
This time, it is "unambiguously " then what was ambiguous before Sean ? We never know... Magrayé pray in direction of the" kʿbtʾ" this time, not the "qwbth" 'different orthography for the same signifier. No mention of "Mecca""Hijaz", "Zem Zem" nor Abraham, even a relatively precise place ; could be in Palestine, Sinaï, Persia, we do not know. 3-0
The papyrus bears the letter of a high-ranking Umayyad prince Sahl ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz containing his invitation to ʿUqbah ibn Muslim to participate in the Ḥajj. Petra Sijpesteijn dated the letter to 86-99 AH / 705-717 CE.
Interesting. Would only VIP participate to the pilgrimage ? Could be interesting. The pilgrimage would start in the 705- 710 ? It contradicts frontally the traditional account in which Muslim have did it with the Prophet Muhammad. Again, no mention of "Mecca""Hijaz", "Zem Zem" Safaat/Marwat, nor Abraham. 4-0
6a/ No. 5 – An early Arabic graffito dated to Ḏū l-Qaʿdah 91/Sept. 710 A certain Makhlad ibn Abī Makhlad writes a prayer for God’s forgiveness and that his Ḥajj is accepted found near Tabūk.
Pilgrimage in Tabuk ? the only place with water in the area.Again, no mention of "Mecca""Hijaz", "Zem Zem" Safaat/Marwat, nor Abraham. . 5-0.
End of story.
Topic: Qur'anic studies today