In Islam, Bid‘ah (Arabic: بدعة) refers to any innovations in religious matters. Linguistically the term means "innovation, novelty, heretical doctrine, heresy".[1] In contrast to the English term "innovation", the word bid'ah in Arabic generally carries a negative connotation, but it can also have positive implications. It has also been used in classical Arabic literature (adab) as a form of praise for outstanding compositions of prose and poetry.[2]
Any innovations in worldly matters – such as science, medicine and technology – are generally acceptable and encouraged; but bid'ah within the religious practice is generally considered a sin.
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I propose that this distinction between innovation in religious and other matters is impossible. Everything is a matter of iterations between theory and practice. Science does lead to questions about for example ecological relationships. Did god do it or not? Do angels move the stars?
Islam is guilty of freezing open thought and discussion.