Al-Ghazali

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Al-Ghazali
OP - March 19, 2015, 09:39 AM

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In Our Time

Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the life and work of Al-Ghazali, a major philosopher and theologian of the late 11th century. Born in Persia, he was one of the most prominent intellectuals of his age, working in such centres of learning as Baghdad, Damascus and Jerusalem. He is now seen as a key figure in the development of Islamic thought, not just refining the theology of Islam but also building on the existing philosophical tradition inherited from the ancient Greeks.

With:

Peter Adamson
Professor of Late Ancient and Arabic Philosophy at the LMU in Munich

Carole Hillenbrand
Professor of Islamic History at Edinburgh and St Andrews Universities

Robert Gleave
Professor of Arabic Studies at the University of Exeter

http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b055j9rv

Interesting prog.

What struck me is that maybe the concept of the Islamic Golden Age is very partial.

Maybe what was happening was a continuation of a very ancient competition going back to Marathon and before, basically between the Greeks and Persians.

Both sides were continually coevolving - in this case with Byzantium.

Alfred the Great had a very impressive intellectual background for example.

The Islamic Golden Age was part of an ancient intellectual arms race with Constantinople.

They got stuck in religion, denying an eternal universe. The Greeks were also down a backwater of religion.

When you are a Bear of Very Little Brain, and you Think of Things, you find sometimes that a Thing which seemed very Thingish inside you is quite different when it gets out into the open and has other people looking at it.

A.A. Milne,

"We cannot slaughter each other out of the human impasse"
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Al-Ghazali
Reply #1 - March 21, 2015, 12:29 AM

Cheers moi, sounds fascinating.

`But I don't want to go among mad people,' Alice remarked.
`Oh, you can't help that,' said the Cat: `we're all mad here. I'm mad. You're mad.'
`How do you know I'm mad?' said Alice.
`You must be,' said the Cat, `or you wouldn't have come here.'
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Al-Ghazali
Reply #2 - March 21, 2015, 09:24 AM

Quote from: moi on March 19, 2015, 09:39 AM

What struck me is that maybe the concept of the Islamic Golden Age is very partial.

Maybe what was happening was a continuation of a very ancient competition going back to Marathon and before, basically between the Greeks and Persians.

Both sides were continually coevolving - in this case with Byzantium.

Alfred the Great had a very impressive intellectual background for example.

The Islamic Golden Age was part of an ancient intellectual arms race with Constantinople.

They got stuck in religion, denying an eternal universe. The Greeks were also down a backwater of religion.

Please eplain this further...

No free mixing of the sexes is permitted on these forums or via PM or the various chat groups that are operating.

Women must write modestly and all men must lower their case.

http://www.ummah.com/forum/showthread.php?425649-Have-some-Hayaa-%28modesty-shame%29-people!
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Al-Ghazali
Reply #3 - March 21, 2015, 10:59 AM

Quote from: Jedi on March 21, 2015, 09:24 AM
Please explain this further...

well let me add some links here..

Ghazali.org good stuff
http://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/1994/PSCF3-94Aulie.htmlAl-Ghazali Contra Aristotle
Al-Shafii and Al-Ghazali on the Treatment of Apostates_CEMB
Al-Ghazali on Jihad_CEMB]http://www.councilofexmuslims.com/index.php?topic=8451.0]Al-Ghazali on Jihad_CEMB
Al Ghazali and Kalam

and let me add this
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"Speaking is a means to achieve objectives. If a praiseworthy aim is attainable through both telling the truth and lying, it is unlawful to accomplish through lying because there is no need for it. When it is possible to achieve such an aim by lying but not by telling the truth, it is permissible to lie if attaining the goal is permissible." ..............Imam Abu Hammid Ghazali

That is an interesting Quote apparently said by Abu Hammid Ghazali ., I read that from that "The Reliance of the Traveler, "

well no one is unquestionable Al-Ghazali is no exception to that rule ., Such statements may work with under certain instances with some conditions.. but that will not be unquestionable, when it comes to faith/s and faith philosophies ..

Al Ghazali was totally confused Muslim.. who changed his views on Islam at the fag end of his life Al Ghazali, so called greatest Muslim scholar and a Sufi wrote:
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“One must go on jihad (i.e., warlike razzias or raids) at least once a year...one may use a catapult against them [non-Muslims] when they are in a fortress, even if among them are women and children. One may set fire to them and/or drown them...If a person of the Ahl al-Kitab [People of The Book – primarily Jews and Christians] is enslaved, his marriage is [automatically] revoked…One may cut down their trees...One must destroy their useless books. Jihadists may take as booty whatever they decide...they may steal as much food as they need...

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The dhimmi is obliged not to mention Allah or His Apostle…Jews, Christians, and Majians must pay the jizya [poll tax on non-Muslims]…on offering up the jizya, the dhimmi must hang his head while the official takes hold of his beard and hits [the dhimmi] on the protuberant bone beneath his ear [i.e., the mandible]… They are not permitted to ostentatiously display their wine or church bells…their houses may not be higher than the Muslim’s, no matter how low that is. The dhimmi may not ride an elegant horse or mule; he may ride a donkey only if the saddle [-work] is of wood. He may not walk on the good part of the road. They [the dhimmis] have to wear [an identifying] patch [on their clothing], even women, and even in the [public] baths…[dhimmis] must hold their tongue"…. [From the Wagjiz, written in 1101 A.D.]

Books and works of Al-Ghazali

Bidayat al-Hidayah – “The Beginning of Guidance” by al-Ghazali pdf file

Mishkat al-Anwaar – “The Niche of Lights” by al-Ghazali pdf file

Ayyuha al-Walad – “Beloved Son” by al-Ghazali pdf file

Naseehat al-Muluk – “Counsel for Kings” by al-Ghazali a pdf file

The Alchemy of Happiness by al-Ghazali pdf file

The Incoherence Of The Philosophers by al-Ghazali pdf file

imam Al Ghazali on Islamic Guidance ..pdf file

Do not let silence become your legacy.. Question everything
I renounced my faith to become a kafir,
the beloved betrayed me and turned in to a Muslim
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Al-Ghazali
Reply #4 - March 21, 2015, 01:17 PM

Al-Ghazali works/books...
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List of works

Al-Ghazali had mentioned the number of his works "more than 70", in one of his letters to Sultan Sanjar in the late years of his life. However, there are more than 400 books attributed to him today. Making a judgment on the number of his works and their attribution to al-Ghazali is a difficult step. Many western scholars such as William Montgomery Watt (The works attributed to Al-Ghazali), Maurice Bouyges (Essai de chronologie des oeuvres d'Al-Ghazali) and others prepared a list of his works along with their comments on each book.

Finally, Abdel Rahman Badawi, an Egyptian scholar, prepared a comprehensive list of al-Ghazali's works under 457 titles:
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from 1 to 72: works definitely written by al-Ghazali
from 73 to 95: works of doubtful attribution
96 - 127: works which are not those of al-Ghazali with most certainty
128 - 224: are the names of the Chapters or Sections of al-Ghazali's books that are mistakenly thought books of his
225 - 273: books written by other authors regarding al-Ghazali's works
274 - 389: books of other unknown scholars/writers regarding al-Ghazali's life and personality
389 - 457: the name of the manuscripts of al-Ghazali's works in different libraries of the world

The following is a short list of his major works:

Theology

al-Munqidh min al-dalal (Rescuer from Error)
Hujjat al-Haq (Proof of the Truth)
al-Iqtisad fil-i`tiqad (Median in Belief)
al-maqsad al-asna fi sharah asma' Allahu al-husna (The best means in explaining Allah's Beautiful Names)
Jawahir al-Qur'an wa duraruh (Jewels of the Qur'an and its Pearls)
Fayasl al-tafriqa bayn al-Islam wa-l-zandaqa (The Criterion of Distinction between Islam and Clandestine Unbelief)
Mishkat al-Anwar (The Niche for Lights, a commentary on the Verse of Light)
Tafsir al-yaqut al-ta'wil

Sufism

Mizan al-'amal (Criterion of Action)
Ihya' ulum al-din, "Revival of Religious Sciences"
Bidayat al-hidayah (Beginning of Guidance)
Kimiya-yi sa'ādat (The Alchemy of Happiness) [a résumé of Ihya'ul ulum, in Persian]
Nasihat al-muluk (Counseling Kings) [in Persian]
al-Munqidh min al-dalal (Rescuer from Error)
Minhaj al-'Abidin (Methodology for the Worshipers)

Philosophy

Maqasid al falasifa (Aims of Philosophers) [written in the beginning of his life, in favour of philosophy and presenting the basic theories in Philosophy, mostly influenced by Avicenna's works]

Tahafut al-Falasifa (The Incoherence of the Philosophers), [in this book he refutes the Greek Philosophy aiming at Avicenna and Al-Farabi; and of which Ibn Rushd wrote his famous refutation Tahafut al-tahafut (The Incoherence of the Incoherence)]

Miyar al-Ilm fi fan al-Mantiq (Criterion of Knowledge in the Art of Logic)

Mihak al-Nazar fi al-mantiq (Touchstone of Reasoning in Logic)

al-Qistas al-mustaqim (The Correct Balance)

Jurisprudence

Fatawy al-Ghazali (Verdicts of al-Ghazali)
Al-wasit fi al-mathab (The medium [digest] in the Jurisprudential school)
Kitab tahzib al-Isul (Prunning on Legal Theory)
al-Mustasfa fi 'ilm al-isul (The Clarified in Legal Theory)
Asas al-Qiyas (Foundation of Analogical reasoning)

all that is from wiki and i have no good reason to doubt that

Do not let silence become your legacy.. Question everything
I renounced my faith to become a kafir,
the beloved betrayed me and turned in to a Muslim
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