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Theme Changer

 Topic: Qur'anic studies today

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  • Qur'anic studies today
     Reply #2340 - July 04, 2018, 02:38 PM

    Zeca, thanks so much for this invaluable thread. Literally made my hearth tremble. I was aware of the opinion that "recite" should instead be read, or understood as "proclaim", but never in this light So, I thank you once again.
  • Qur'anic studies today
     Reply #2341 - July 04, 2018, 03:28 PM

    Quote
    but later exegetes removed from this context were confused and built upon it fanciful stories of illiteracy.


    Later exegetes have no tradition at all about the Quran, whereas they pretend to have one to justify all the story of the origin of the text.
  • Qur'anic studies today
     Reply #2342 - July 04, 2018, 04:03 PM

    Quote
    The Quran's multilingual original audience would have gotten it


    Really?
    In Mecca one spoke in Syriac/Aramaîc? Where is that in the Muslim narrative?
    I thought they spoke Arabic ! The Quranic Arabic of Quraysh! (lol)
    Each day new contortions, inventions, (the original audience speak Aramaic now!) to explain the inexplicable! And this guy has a Phd from Harvard! Lol! One more reason to never trust the Anglo Saxon system of education! (Including Ducht!)
    Quote
    Every pre- Islamic Arabic inscription has Aramaic components, and Aramaic was a liturgical language in both Christianity and Judaism -- both monotheistic faiths of the Peninsula. Aramaic was widely known in Arabia.


    Then the Muslim narrative is inexact?  There is Christianity in Mecca? Why does it never recounts that? What does there is no Aramaic/Syriac/Jewish and Christian sources to such a city? There's nothing. Why?
    It  is a fiction. Why?  It is asked to believe ! It has never existed. There's no source to validate it. It is asked to believe ! Like Moses with the Red Sea! C'mon guys!
    Hi,  I'm the King of England. Err... yes, why not, do you have something to prove what you say? Shut up, I'm the English King! You're an Altaraphobic if you do not believe me!
    Hahaha !
    Last question : Did Guillaume Dye has RETWEETED those tweets ? Or has RT just one time this guy?
    Response : never I think!
    Am I right guys!
    End of story.
  • Qur'anic studies today
     Reply #2343 - July 04, 2018, 05:03 PM

    Mr. Altara, you are truly confused. That tweet didn't mention Mecca at all so what are you ranting and raving against? and who cares if the traditional account doesn't acknowledge Christians throughout Arabia: we agree that those are dubious stories from much later times. We expect them to be wrong. The epigraphic evidence suggests Christianity was widespread. It's paganism that we do not have evidence for in the 6th c. And who exactly are you talking about when you say all that about a phd from harvard? Do you know whose idea that story is? I dm'ed the AEN account and it is run by a post-doc in leiden, so what are you talking about? I sent asking to whom that account should be credited.
  • Qur'anic studies today
     Reply #2344 - July 04, 2018, 05:19 PM

    I originally assumed that Al-Jallad was running the AEN account and may have suggested as much somewhere on this thread, but he now has his own twitter account and I was clearly wrong about this. I guess I’m not the only one to make the same assumption.
  • Qur'anic studies today
     Reply #2345 - July 04, 2018, 05:27 PM

    Ahmad Al-Jallad  :

    Ph.D. in Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, Harvard University

    I do not trust Anglo Saxon Dutch education! they give inexact information! like Al Jallad !
  • Qur'anic studies today
     Reply #2346 - July 04, 2018, 05:34 PM

    Mr. Altara, you are truly confused. That tweet didn't mention Mecca at all so what are you ranting and raving against? and who cares if the traditional account doesn't acknowledge Christians throughout Arabia: we agree that those are dubious stories from much later times. We expect them to be wrong. The epigraphic evidence suggests Christianity was widespread. It's paganism that we do not have evidence for in the 6th c. And who exactly are you talking about when you say all that about a phd from harvard? Do you know whose idea that story is? I dm'ed the AEN account and it is run by a post-doc in leiden, so what are you talking about? I sent asking to whom that account should be credited.


    But AEN is the soil Al Jallad, right? Therefore, AEN account is Jallad as well in all likelihood.
  • Qur'anic studies today
     Reply #2347 - July 04, 2018, 06:19 PM

    Seems that canaaniteshift responded before me, but here goes anyways.

    I think you are missing the point, dear Altara. Not saying you are wrong, but it seems you are reading stuff into the original thread that was never said. The point is not whether this was in the West Arabian town of Mecca or not, but rather, that the audience of the Quran, which you can locate somewhere in the North if you so wish, was multilingual, having a good grasp of Aramaic.

    Again, and this is important, I am not saying Mecca existed and that you are wrong, but simply that you are missing the greater point. That is it. No need for us to go back and forth on this issue.

    Well, of course the narrative is inexact! Where was it even remotely implied that it was not? Scholars now beleive - even neo-traditionalist ones, such as Mehdy Shaddel - that the later sources are not always to be trusted.  

    You seem to always bring up the issue of Mecca, as if that is the beginning and end of the discussion, even when no one has even alluded to its existence (in the thread).

    Not really sure how Dye is relevant to this, since he agrees that the audience of the Quran were multilingual. Although Dye does think that parts of the Quran was written in Syro-Palestine. Read his article: “Traces of Bilingualism/Multilingualism in the Qurʾānic Arabic,” in Arabic in Context: Celebrating 400 Years of Arabic at Leiden University, ed. Ahmad Al-Jallad (Leiden: Brill, 2017), pp. 337–371.

    Note that I am NOT saying you are wrong.

    What do you think, Zeca? Do you agree?

    Quote
    I do not trust Anglo Saxon Dutch education! they give inexact information! like Al Jallad !


    Not sure how interpret this statement of yours, Altara. Are you implying - and I am sorry if I mistaken - that scholars like Al-Jallad are intentionally giving out inexact information? This could be another one of my misreading of your assertion, so forgive me, but I think you are being too harsh. Scholars (e.g. Al-Jallad) have their own opinions based on their interpretation of the data. My request (or recommendation) to you is that you should cease to seeing these scholars in such a bad light.

    As always, I apologize if this came of as confrontational or hostile, dear Altara.
  • Qur'anic studies today
     Reply #2348 - July 04, 2018, 06:27 PM

    But AEN is the soil Al Jallad, right? Therefore, AEN account is Jallad as well in all likelihood.


    Like i said, it is run by a post-doc, I think the journal's managing editor although that may have been diff in the past. I know AlJallad left leiden he is not teaching at the summer school this year and Van Putten is running the center for Arabia now. aljallad has his own twitter. But anyway it doesn't seem to be whoever typed that tweet original idea.
  • Qur'anic studies today
     Reply #2349 - July 04, 2018, 06:29 PM

    You are right. That "recite" should instead be "proclaim" is not new. I beleive Luxenberg first proposed it, but i could be wrong.
  • Qur'anic studies today
     Reply #2350 - July 04, 2018, 07:17 PM

    Seems that canaaniteshift responded before me, but here goes anyways.

    I think you are missing the point, dear Altara. Not saying you are wrong, but it seems you are reading stuff into the original thread that was never said. The point is not whether this was in the West Arabian town of Mecca or not, but rather, that the audience of the Quran, which you can locate somewhere in the North if you so wish, was multilingual, having a good grasp of Aramaic.

    Again, and this is important, I am not saying Mecca existed and that you are wrong, but simply that you are missing the greater point. That is it. No need for us to go back and forth on this issue.

    Well, of course the narrative is inexact! Where was it even remotely implied that it was not? Scholars now beleive - even neo-traditionalist ones, such as Mehdy Shaddel - that the later sources are not always to be trusted.  

    You seem to always bring up the issue of Mecca, as if that is the beginning and end of the discussion, even when no one has even alluded to its existence (in the thread).

    Not really sure how Dye is relevant to this, since he agrees that the audience of the Quran were multilingual. Although Dye does think that parts of the Quran was written in Syro-Palestine. Read his article: “Traces of Bilingualism/Multilingualism in the Qurʾānic Arabic,” in Arabic in Context: Celebrating 400 Years of Arabic at Leiden University, ed. Ahmad Al-Jallad (Leiden: Brill, 2017), pp. 337–371.

    Note that I am NOT saying you are wrong.

    What do you think, Zeca? Do you agree?

    Yes, that all sounds sensible to me. I think maybe the Mecca question is a bit of a red herring. The accounts of it sound legendary though I suppose there could be some historical basis. It might be more interesting to ask about the historical reality of accounts of Yathrib/Medina which, to me at least, sound more plausible. I’d say the arguments about language can largely be made independently of this - though if you assume proto-Islam came from somewhere else then it leaves the question of where the ‘Old Hijazi’ postulated by Van Putten/Al-Jallad was actually spoken. I think I’d be in general agreement with this article by Fred Donner (though I’m not really trying to push an argument and as I’ve said before i’m not claiming any expertise):

    https://nelc.uchicago.edu/sites/nelc.uchicago.edu/files/Donner%20HBQ.pdf
    Quote
    Clearly, the Sīra’s vision, as a historical reconstruction of Islam’s origins, has grave weaknesses. […] But at this point, it seems likely that some aspects of the traditional Sīra framework may, in the end, emerge as historically sound. My own sense is that the tradition’s presentation of the period following the hijra is more credible than it is for the period before the hijra, reports about which seem overwhelmingly legendary in character.


    Edit: I should add that later in the article there seems to be some wishful thinking from Donner about historical research not presenting a threat to the faith of believers.
  • Qur'anic studies today
     Reply #2351 - July 04, 2018, 07:41 PM

    Seems that canaaniteshift responded before me, but here goes anyways.

    I think you are missing the point, dear Altara. Not saying you are wrong, but it seems you are reading stuff into the original thread that was never said.  


    But it is implied dear Mahgraye that the AEN  guy (whoever he is) who tweet the story, thinks it is in Mecca. It does not tell it because it is what it is accepted as history because it is what it is taught. Moreover this guy speaks of "Arabia" not "North" "South" or "West".  He insists on multilingualism in "Arabia" If you have a twitter account,  it could be interesting to ask him where he places what he said, the episode with Gabriel. And prepare yourself to read the response as the "Hijaz" or "Mecca" perforce in the "Hijaz". As the "Hijaz" nobody know what it is before islam, it could be on Mars....
    If not, ask how such a story like this during 20 years have not spread everywhere in Orient during 20 long years whereas Orient is full everywhere of the God of Moses.
    Ask him. [/quote]

    The point is not whether this was in the West Arabian town of Mecca or not, but rather, that the audience of the Quran, which you can locate somewhere in the North if you so wish, was multilingual, having a good grasp of Aramaic.


    To the contrary that's the point as well.  Because I cannot seriously locate in the North something which would have spread very quickly outside the event : God come to speak to an Arab and nobody knows it during 20 years? 20 years, nobody? In late Antiquity? Totally surrounded culturally by the God of Moses? And no allusions, no traces? Not plausible (to me).  But it is not only the audience, it is the writers of the text having a good grasp of Aramaic. The narrative is false on two main points : the language of the writer and the audience. And the "Mecca" city. What remains to be false? Zem zem? Abu Bakr? and so on. That is why I always come back to the Muslim narrative, dear Mahgraye, because outside the dream city of Mecca in the Hijaz, this story is untenable in Late Antiquity. Untenable. Therefore it means that this story is false. It's a fraud. And the Quranic text has nothing to do with that story (even with Waraqa et al.)

    Quote
    Well, of course the narrative is inexact! Where was it even remotely implied that it was not? Scholars now beleive - even neo-traditionalist ones, such as Mehdy Shaddel - that the later sources are not always to be trusted.  


    If Meddy Shaddel  is a "scholar" I am an astronaut! He was never trained as a "scholar" of anything! He is a translator at best. It is what was written on this Academia account 4 or 5 years ago! I'm the King of England as well! Hahaha !
    Ask him if he thinks that "Muhammad" was in Mecca with Abu Bakr and if Mecca existed before Islam! He will say : "Yes I believe". Do not fool yourself dear Mahgraye, even Daniel Beck speaks of "Medina" on which he have not an atom of source! Not one. But he is really sure, he knows (God spoke to him maybe, like Muhammad!) , I do not comprehend how he can be sure of something whose nobody speak of in Late Antiquity...

    Quote
    Not really sure how Dye is relevant to this, since he agrees that the audience of the Quran were multilingual. Although Dye does think that parts of the Quran was written in Syro-Palestine.

     

    Yes Dye is sceptic. He got his PhD at la Sorbonne in Philosophy  (about Scepticism in Antiquity !) with Rémi Brague (a very great scholar - a real one- read it, he's a speialist of Muslim and Jewhish philosophy in medieval times )  Dye knows very well in which trap he is, you can trust me... ^^ I read his article “Traces of Bilingualism/Multilingualism in the Qurʾānic Arabic,” do not be worried!  
    Quote
    My request (or recommendation) to you is that you should cease to seeing these scholars in such a bad light.


     Well When they will behaviour as "scholars" and not amateur, I will cease! I promise!

    Quote
    As always, I apologize if this came of as confrontational or hostile, dear Altara.

    NP dear Mahgraye.
  • Qur'anic studies today
     Reply #2352 - July 04, 2018, 07:44 PM

    Quote
    though if you assume proto-Islam came from somewhere else then it leaves the question of where the ‘Old Hijazi’ postulated by Van Putten/Al-Jallad was actually spoken


    I have best. Do the Quranic Arabic was really spoken somewhere? To me that is a really big question.
  • Qur'anic studies today
     Reply #2353 - July 04, 2018, 08:13 PM

    Yes, fair enough. I don’t think a written language can ever be just the same as a spoken language. So the question is maybe whether there was a spoken language that was at least relatively close to the written language.
  • Qur'anic studies today
     Reply #2354 - July 04, 2018, 08:31 PM

    Quote
    I have best. Do the Quranic Arabic was really spoken somewhere? To me that is a really big question.


    A scribe wrote down that Quranic text in the 630's (C14 dating). Was someone listening (an audience) at the time? (Can't imagine  anyone being patient enough to hear out Surah 2...)

    Through the text we know a lot about the scribe(s)/author(s). All we think to know about the audience (and its language) is speculation. No traces of the reception of the Quranic text outside Quran before 690, Dome of Rock.

  • Qur'anic studies today
     Reply #2355 - July 04, 2018, 08:37 PM

    Dear Mundi - what manuscript and what dating are you referring to? Also, please elaborate on that very last sentence of yours?


  • Qur'anic studies today
     Reply #2356 - July 04, 2018, 09:18 PM

    Dear Mundi - what manuscript and what dating are you referring to? Also, please elaborate on that very last sentence of yours?


    1/ The C14 dating shows the very early date of the written Quranic text: https://www.islamic-awareness.org/quran/text/mss/radio.html

    2/ If an audience was intensely listening to these Surahs and memorising them, quotations would have popped up in other written texts and epigraphy. But nothing, we see a lot of Quran copying/manuscripts but no "digestion"of the text. The first attestation of a quote from the Quran (outside of the Quran) is in the mosaic text of the dome of the rock (690), and that is not even verbatim correct. So where was the Quranic audience? Who was the audience? Were these Qurans gathering dust and not read? There is a reason why scholars thought Quran was a rather late book. They were wrong (C14 proves it), but the reasons why they thought that remain.
  • Qur'anic studies today
     Reply #2357 - July 04, 2018, 09:49 PM

    A related question might be what the attitude was to other scriptural texts in the earliest Islamic period. Could the Quran have been seen initially more as commentary on existing scripture than a replacement for it?
  • Qur'anic studies today
     Reply #2358 - July 04, 2018, 09:53 PM

    Quote
    A related question might be what the attitude was to other scriptural texts in the earliest Islamic period. Could the Quran have been seen initially more as commentary on existing scripture than a replacement for it?

    Good question, Zeca. Assuming the Quran was a liturgical book - qurʾān coming from the Syriac qeryānā /quryānā - then one could argue that it was a commentary on existing scripture, as you phrased it. On several occasions, the Quran reminds its audience that it merely affirms previous scripture. Claude Gilliot's research is of paramount importance here. Some scholars (e.g. Gallez, Luxenberg, etc.) go as far as to say that primitive Islam was a heretical Christian sect! In the case of Gallez and many others, Nazoreans (Naṣārā), and in the case of Luxenberg and his click, some form of pre-Nicene Christianity, although the latter is IMO refuted by Gallez.
  • Qur'anic studies today
     Reply #2359 - July 04, 2018, 11:18 PM

    Commentary:

    I think Gallez' scenario sounds quite credible: the rapid collection of available notes put together as a Holy Book...
  • Qur'anic studies today
     Reply #2360 - July 04, 2018, 11:19 PM

    Yes, fair enough. I don’t think a written language can ever be just the same as a spoken language.


    Yes. But there is more.

    Quote
    So the question is maybe whether there was a spoken language that was at least relatively close to the written language.


    It was my question in fact. In posing it that way, I just want to say that the text could be sufficiently "Arabic" to be "readable" by an Arab (for me there is only text in the Quran, no oral proclamation of any kind...) but not really comprehensible like a "normal" text which is "normally" comprehensible. Guillaume Dye has outlined  (in French TV but now unavailable...) recently one important thing : (I summarize) That nobody have as mother tongue the Quranic Arab. Nobody. And even if it is Arabic, the proximity with what is now Arabic, might be dangerous leading to an over confidence about what the text mean.
    "Sufficiently "Arabic" to be "readable" meaning that it is Arabic, but this Arabic is (curiously) very different of all Arabic at that time, and it is the only one of its kind.  An unhistorical Arabic non traceable.  There is three possibilities 1/ an artificial language, 2/ a text more older than we believe in a dialect that no longer exists in the 9th c. 3/both.
  • Qur'anic studies today
     Reply #2361 - July 04, 2018, 11:29 PM

    Commentary:

    I think Gallez' scenario sounds quite credible: the rapid collection of available notes put together as a Holy Book...


    The Gallez thesis is (very) interesting about many points ; that is why his 2 volumes are a must read. Indispensable. It's a shame that it is not yet translated in English. A shame. Like the de Prémare books. Incomprehensible.
    But I do not think to a "rapid collection" of notes.
  • Qur'anic studies today
     Reply #2362 - July 04, 2018, 11:36 PM

    I contacted his website about a translation and sadly, they are not going to be translated anytime soon, due to the sheer size of his work. Interestingly enough, de Prémare's book Les Fondations de l’Islam has been translated into Arabic.

    You previous comment was very insightful, Altara. But what do you mean that no one had Quranic Arabic as mother tongue? Please expound on that. Is the language of the Quran so peculiar? Is it because of its foreign vocabulary? Sources would be appreciated.
  • Qur'anic studies today
     Reply #2363 - July 04, 2018, 11:40 PM

    Quote
    But I do not think to a "rapid collection" of notes


    1/ I only read the Olaf summary of Gallez' work.

    2/ Quranic language: for sure the text went through scribes hands. What was their background? The choice of words must have been greatly influenced by the actual person writing it. There seems to have been a very early canonization explaining the lack of storylines and weird sentences?  No gradual editing (and improvement) of the text because of early sudden canonization?
  • Qur'anic studies today
     Reply #2364 - July 04, 2018, 11:43 PM

    Mundi, you are very correct. The Quran was already redacted and canonized by the 650s.
  • Qur'anic studies today
     Reply #2365 - July 05, 2018, 12:20 AM

    Mundi, you are very correct. The Quran was already redacted and canonized by the 650s.

    Questions to you dear Mahgraye

    redacted and canonized by the 650s.??  by who?

    1).  you mean to say all 114 chapters of  present Quran was redacted and canonized by the 650??

    2).  or you mean to say stories that you see in Quran was redacted and canonized by the 650?

    3).  or few statements of Quran here nd there were   redacted and canonized by the 650??


    I say for 2 & 3 stories of Quran and some verses/statements of Quran  redacted and canonized before the birth of Muhammad alleged Prophet of Islam .. in fact they were  redacted and canonized before the birth of Christ all the down to so-called Moses times...

    Do not let silence become your legacy.. Question everything   
    I renounced my faith to become a kafir, 
    the beloved betrayed me and turned in to  a Muslim
     
  • Qur'anic studies today
     Reply #2366 - July 05, 2018, 12:35 AM

    Canonisation:

    C14 (https://www.islamic-awareness.org/quran/text/mss/radio.html) shows even an earlier canonization... towards 630...maybe not all surahs. I think it is a very important element when trying to understand the origins of the Quran.

    The content of some of the Surahs (=code of conduct for war) does fit with the known historical context of the time: the Arabs were waging war and raiding the neighbors.
  • Qur'anic studies today
     Reply #2367 - July 05, 2018, 12:39 AM

    Dear Yeezevee - You are conflating a lot of issues here. My comment was in relation to the Quranic consonantal skeleton (i.e. the basic drawing, the vulgate) and the contents of the corpus. This question has nothing to do with the pre-history of the Quran. And you are right! The stories contained in the Quran predate Muhammad (using his name for convenience).  

    The Quranic CST (and text) was canonized in the mid-seventh century AD by a centralized political authority. This is the conclusion one can draw based on the earliest manuscripts.

    Mundi - what manuscript are you referring to? The Sanaa palimpsest? Either way, your remark does not contradict what scholarship has shown, namely that the Quranic consonantal text was canonized by the mid-seventh century AD, that is, the 650s.
  • Qur'anic studies today
     Reply #2368 - July 05, 2018, 12:56 AM

    Magraye,

    Look at the table of the Islamic Awareness site: https://www.islamic-awareness.org/quran/text/mss/radio.html
    Sanaa I seems to be the most tested early one and analysis seems to make a pre 650 dating likely. Best to leave out the Lyon lab results.
    But there are other early manuscripts. The table dates from 2016. It would be nice to have one with the most recent results not by Islamic awareness but havent found it yet...
  • Qur'anic studies today
     Reply #2369 - July 05, 2018, 12:58 AM

    Mundi - No problem. Here is a more modern table. I only took the liberty to add no. 6 and the date ranges.

    1) DAM 01-27.1 (last half of the 1st/7th century CE—that is, between 650 and 685 CE)

    2) Arabe 328a-b and Marcel 18 (third quarter of the 1st/7th century CE—that is, between 671 and 695 CE)

    3) Arabe 328c and Mingana Islamic Arabic 1572a (end of the 1st/7th century and beginning of the 2nd/8th century CE)

    4) DAM 20-33.1 (during the reign of al-Walīd b. ʿAbd al-Malik [r. 705–715])

    5) Or. 2165 (end of the 1st/7th century and beginning of the 2nd/8th century CE)

    6) Codex Amrensis 1 (first half of the 2nd/8th century)

    7) Samarkand Codex (beginning of the 2nd/8th century CE)

    8) Cairo Codex (end of the first quarter of the 2nd/8th century CE)

    9) H.S. 44/32 (second quarter of the 2nd/8th century CE)

    M. Lamsiah, Makhṭūṭāt al-Qurʾān: madkhal li-dirāsat al-makhṭūṭāt al-qadīma (Canada: Water Life Publishing, 2017), p. 82.

    And yes, the Sanaa palimpsest (DAM 01-27.1) is still the oldest manuscript. François Déroche dates it on paleographical grounds to the mid-seventh century AD. The scriptio inferior is non-Uthmanic, and might be older than 650 CE, but the scriptio superior is Uthmanic and is from the second half of the seventh century AD, as shown in the table.
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